![]() Therefore, the phonemic interpretation of letters in loanwords depends on the donating language. The letters ⟨c, q, w, x, z⟩ are not used in the spelling of native words. In two consecutive vowels the stressed vowel is always long and the unstressed is always short.Vowels are usually long before a single consonant + ⟨e⟩.In monomorphematic words, vowels are usually short before two or more consonants + ⟨e⟩./p, t, k/, /pʰ, tsʰ, kʰ/ and /ʁ/ are often transcribed with ⟨ b, d, ɡ⟩, ⟨ p, t, k⟩ and ⟨ r⟩ even though the first set is voiceless, the second one is aspirated and the rhotic is uvular, not alveolar.Problems playing this file? See media help. The reform of 1948 abolished the capitalization of all nouns. ⟨aa⟩ is treated like ⟨å⟩ in alphabetical sorting, not like two adjacent ⟨a⟩, meaning that while ⟨a⟩ is the first letter of the alphabet, ⟨aa⟩ is the last.Īll nouns in Danish used to be capitalized, as in German. ⟨aa⟩ remains in use as a transliteration, if the letter is not available for technical reasons. However, in geographical names, ⟨å⟩ is allowed as an alternative spelling: Aabenraa or Åbenrå, Aalborg or Ålborg, Aarhus or Århus. The former digraph ⟨aa⟩ still occurs in personal names and in Danish geographical names. Its place as the last letter of the alphabet, as in Norwegian, was decided in 1955. The initial proposal was to place ⟨å⟩ first in the Danish alphabet, before ⟨a⟩. The letter then came from the Swedish alphabet, where it has been in official use since the 18th century. In 1948 ⟨å⟩ was re-introduced or officially introduced in Danish, replacing ⟨aa⟩. Įarlier instead of ⟨aa⟩, ⟨å⟩ or a ligature of two ⟨a⟩ was also used. The distinction between ⟨ø⟩ and ⟨ö⟩ was optionally allowed in 1872, recommended in 1889, but rejected in 1892, although the orthographic dictionaries continued to use ⟨ø⟩ and ⟨ö⟩ (collated as if they were the same letter) until 1918 and the book Folkehöjskolens Sangbog continued to use ⟨ø⟩ and ⟨ö⟩ in its editions as late as 1962. ĭanish formerly used both ⟨ø⟩ (in Fraktur) and ⟨ö⟩ (in Antiqua), though it was suggested to use ⟨ø⟩ for /ø/ and ⟨ö⟩ for /œ/, which was also sometimes employed. In some cases, simplified spellings were adopted ( ⟨c⟩ sounded ⟨k⟩ mostly becomes ⟨k⟩ ⟨ch, ph, rh, th⟩ in words of Greek origin are replaced by ⟨k, f, r, t⟩), but in many cases original spellings were retained. Additionally, spelling of loanwords was standardized. The letter ⟨j⟩ was deleted from the combinations gje, gjæ, gjø, kje, kjæ, kjø: Kjøkken> Køkken. ![]() In 1889, ⟨x⟩ was abolished from native words and most loanwords: Oxe> Okse, Exempel> Eksempel. In some cases, spelling of loanwords was simplified, but in general the question of spelling loanwords was largely left undecided. The reform of 1872 replaced the letter ⟨e⟩ by ⟨æ⟩ in some words ( Eg> Æg, fegte> fægte, Hjelm> Hjælm however, for words with ⟨je⟩ the change was reverted in 1889), abolished the distinction of the homophonous words Thing and Ting (however, the distinction between thi and ti was retained), replaced the letter ⟨q⟩ by ⟨k⟩ ( Qvinde> Kvinde), deleted the silent ⟨e⟩ after vowels ( faae> faa), abolished doubling of vowels to signify vowel length ( Steen> Sten), replaced ⟨i⟩ by ⟨j⟩ after vowels ( Vei> Vej), and introduced some smaller spelling changes. These spelling reforms were based in the decisions of the Nordic spelling conference of 1869, whose goal was to abolish spellings that are justified by neither phonetics nor etymology and to bring Danish and Swedish orthographies closer. There were spelling reforms in 1872, 1889 (with some changes in 1892), and 1948. Officially, the norms are set by the Danish language council through the publication of Retskrivningsordbogen.ĭanish currently uses a 29-letter Latin-script alphabet, identical to the Norwegian alphabet, with an additional three letters: Æ, Ø and Å. JSTOR ( October 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)ĭanish orthography is the system and norms used for writing the Danish language, including spelling and punctuation.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "Danish orthography" – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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